Bringing your children to Canada through family sponsorship is one of the most common immigration pathways for Canadian citizens and permanent residents. This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about sponsoring your dependent child for Canadian permanent residence, including eligibility requirements, financial obligations, and the step-by-step application process.
Understanding Child Sponsorship in Canada
Family reunification is a cornerstone of Canadian immigration policy. If you’re a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, you have the right to sponsor your dependent children to join you in Canada permanently. The process involves two simultaneous applications: your sponsorship application and your child’s permanent residence application.
Sponsor Eligibility Requirements
Basic Qualifications
To sponsor your child for Canadian permanent residence, you must meet these fundamental criteria:
Age and Status Requirements:
- Be at least 18 years old
- Hold Canadian citizenship, permanent residence status, or be a registered Indian under the Canadian Indian Act
- Reside in Canada or demonstrate concrete plans to return when your child receives permanent residence
Important Location Exception: Canadian citizens can sponsor their children while living abroad, but permanent residents must be physically residing in Canada to be eligible sponsors.
Financial Requirements Explained
The financial requirements for child sponsorship depend on whether your child has dependent children of their own:
If your child has no dependents: There is no minimum income requirement. This makes the process accessible to most Canadian sponsors.
If your child has their own dependent children: You must meet the Minimum Necessary Income (MNI) threshold for your family size. Calculate your required income using the Financial Evaluation form (IMM 1283) available from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).
Disqualifying Factors
Even if you meet the basic requirements, certain circumstances will make you ineligible to sponsor:
- Having a pending sponsorship application for the same dependent already in process
- Outstanding debts on immigration loans, performance bonds, or court-ordered family support payments (including alimony or child support)
- Failure to fulfill obligations from a previous sponsorship undertaking
- Active bankruptcy proceedings without discharge
- Receiving social assistance for reasons other than disability
- Criminal conviction for violent offenses, domestic violence, or sexual offenses
- Current incarceration in any correctional facility
- Being subject to an active removal order from Canada
Quebec Exception: Some restrictions, particularly those related to financial obligations from previous sponsorships, do not apply to Quebec residents due to the province’s distinct immigration framework.
Who Qualifies as a Dependent Child?
Age and Relationship Criteria
Your child qualifies as a dependent if they meet these conditions:
Basic Definition:
- Must be your biological or legally adopted child, or the child of your spouse or common-law partner
- Under 22 years of age
- Not married or in a common-law relationship
Dependent Children Over 22
Children aged 22 and older can still qualify as dependents under specific circumstances:
- They have a physical or mental condition that prevents them from being financially self-sufficient
- They have relied on their parents for financial support continuously since before turning 22
Critical Requirement: Your child must continue meeting all dependency criteria throughout the entire processing period until IRCC makes a final decision on their application.
Admissibility Requirements
Beyond meeting the dependency definition, your child must also be admissible to Canada. This means they cannot have:
- Serious criminal convictions
- Medical conditions that pose a danger to public health or safety
- Security concerns or ties to organizations involved in terrorism, espionage, or human rights violations
- Misrepresented facts on previous immigration applications
The Sponsorship Undertaking: Your Legal Commitment
What Is an Undertaking?
When you sponsor your child, you sign a legally binding undertaking—a promise to provide financial support for a specific period. This is not merely a formality; it’s an enforceable contract with the Canadian government.
Your Financial Responsibilities
During the undertaking period, you are legally responsible for:
Basic Necessities:
- Food, clothing, and shelter
- Household items and utilities
- Personal requirements for daily living
Healthcare Costs:
- Dental care and treatments
- Eye care, including glasses and contact lenses
- Prescription medications not covered by provincial health plans
- Any medical services not provided by public healthcare
Social Assistance Repayment: If your sponsored child receives government social assistance during the undertaking period, you must repay the full amount. Until you do, you cannot sponsor anyone else.
Undertaking Duration
The length of your commitment depends on your child’s age when they obtain permanent residence:
Child's Age at PR GrantUndertaking PeriodUnder 22 years10 years OR until age 25 (whichever comes first)22 years or older3 years
Example: If you sponsor your 20-year-old child, your undertaking lasts until they turn 25 (5 years). If you sponsor your 16-year-old, you’re responsible for 9 years (until age 25).
Withdrawal Limitations
You can only withdraw your sponsorship application before your child becomes a permanent resident. Once IRCC grants permanent residence, your undertaking becomes irrevocable—there are absolutely no exceptions to this rule.
Step-by-Step Application Process
Overview of the Dual Application
You’ll submit two interconnected applications simultaneously:
- Your Sponsorship Application: Establishes you as an eligible sponsor
- Your Child’s Permanent Residence Application: Requests permanent resident status for your dependent
Both applications are submitted together through the online Permanent Residence (PR) Portal, with your child designated as the principal applicant.
Step 1: Obtain Your Customized Application Package
Start by accessing IRCC’s online portal to generate your personalized application package, which includes:
- Comprehensive instruction guide tailored to your situation
- Required forms for both sponsor and dependent
- Auto-generated document checklist specific to your case
Step 2: Gather Required Documentation
Collect and prepare all documents listed in your customized checklist. Common requirements include:
For the Sponsor:
- Proof of Canadian citizenship or permanent residence
- Valid identification (passport, birth certificate)
- Proof of relationship to the child (birth certificate, adoption papers)
- Financial documents (if the child has dependents)
- Consent from the other parent or legal guardian
For the Dependent Child:
- Birth certificate
- Passport or travel documents
- Police certificates from every country where they lived for six consecutive months or more since age 18
- Medical examination results from an IRCC-approved physician
- Photographs meeting IRCC specifications
If Unable to Provide a Document: Include a detailed written explanation describing why the document is unavailable and what efforts you made to obtain it.
Step 3: Complete and Validate Online Forms
Using the PR Portal, complete all required forms including:
- IMM 1344: Application to Sponsor
- IMM 0008: Generic Application Form for Canada
- IMM 5669: Schedule A – Background/Declaration
- IMM 5406: Additional Family Information
- IMM 5476: Use of a Representative (if applicable)
Sign and validate each form electronically within the portal before submission.
Step 4: Pay Application Fees
The total standard fee is $255 CAD, broken down as follows:
- Sponsorship fee: $85
- Processing fee: $85
- Biometrics fee: $85 (for dependents 14 years and older)
Additional Fees: If your dependent child has their own dependent child included in the application, add $175 CAD per additional dependent.
Payment must be made online through the PR Portal using a valid credit card or other accepted payment methods.
Step 5: Submit Your Application
Follow the submission instructions in your personalized guide to upload all documents and submit both applications through the PR Portal. You’ll receive an acknowledgment of receipt with an application number for tracking.
Step 6: Respond to Additional Requests
IRCC may request additional documentation during processing. Common requests include:
- Updated police certificates
- Additional proof of relationship
- Medical examination updates
- Interview attendance (rare for child sponsorship)
Respond promptly to all requests to avoid processing delays.
Processing Times and What to Expect
Processing times for child sponsorship applications vary significantly based on:
- The country where your child currently resides
- The completeness of your application
- Background check complexity
- Current IRCC workload
Typical processing times range from 12 to 24 months, though some applications may be processed faster or slower. Check current processing times on the IRCC website for country-specific estimates.
After Approval
Once approved, your child will receive:
- Confirmation of Permanent Residence (COPR)
- Permanent Resident Visa (if applicable)
- Instructions for completing the landing process
If your child is already in Canada, they may complete the landing process at a local IRCC office. If abroad, they’ll need to present their documents at a port of entry when arriving in Canada.
Special Considerations for Quebec Residents
Quebec operates an independent immigration system under a Canada-Quebec Accord, which means different rules apply for sponsors residing in Quebec.
Dual Application Requirement
Quebec residents must submit sponsorship applications to both:
- IRCC (Federal): For Canadian permanent residence
- MIFI (Provincial): Ministère de l’immigration, de la francisation et de l’intégration
Quebec’s approval is required before IRCC can finalize the permanent residence application.
Quebec-Specific Differences
- Distinct undertaking periods: Different duration commitments than federal requirements
- Separate income assessment: Conducted by MIFI if your child has dependents
- Different application fees: Quebec charges its own processing fees in addition to federal fees
- Unique forms: Quebec has its own application forms and requirements
Important Quebec Restriction (2025-2026)
Quebec has temporarily suspended accepting undertaking applications for dependent children aged 18 and over until June 25, 2026, due to reaching its processing capacity. Applications submitted during this period will be returned unprocessed with full fee refunds. Limited exceptions may apply for humanitarian or compelling circumstances.
If you’re sponsoring a child under 18, or if your child is over 18 with a qualifying disability, consult MIFI’s website or an immigration professional to confirm current eligibility.
Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them
Proving the Parent-Child Relationship
If standard birth certificates don’t clearly establish the relationship:
- Obtain DNA test results from an accredited laboratory
- Provide adoption papers with certified translations
- Submit affidavits from family members or community leaders
- Include historical documents like school records or medical files
Obtaining Consent from the Other Parent
When you don’t have sole custody, you must demonstrate the other parent consents to the child’s immigration:
- Notarized consent letter from the other parent
- Court orders granting you sole custody or permission to relocate
- Death certificate if the other parent is deceased
- Proof that you’ve made reasonable efforts to obtain consent if the other parent cannot be located
Police Certificates from Difficult Jurisdictions
Some countries make obtaining police certificates challenging:
- Start the process early—some countries take 6+ months
- Follow IRCC’s country-specific instructions exactly
- Document all attempts to obtain certificates
- Request IRCC guidance if certificates are genuinely unobtainable
Tips for a Successful Application
1. Start Early: Begin gathering documents months before applying, especially police certificates and adoption records.
2. Be Complete: Submit every requested document. Incomplete applications face significant delays.
3. Be Accurate: Double-check all information. Misrepresentation, even if unintentional, can result in refusal and future inadmissibility.
4. Be Organized: Label documents clearly according to your checklist and maintain copies of everything submitted.
5. Be Responsive: Monitor your email and PR Portal account daily. Respond to IRCC requests immediately.
6. Seek Professional Help When Needed: Complex cases—such as those involving adoptions, children with dependents, or previous immigration issues—benefit from professional guidance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I sponsor my stepchild? Yes, if you’re married to or in a common-law relationship with their parent, and the child meets the dependency criteria.
Can I sponsor my adult child’s spouse and children too? Not in the same application. If your adult child qualifies as a dependent, their spouse and children can be included as accompanying family members, but this requires meeting higher income thresholds.
What if my child turns 22 during processing? They must be under 22 when you submit the application. IRCC locks in their age at the time of application submission, even if they turn 22 during processing.
Can I work while my sponsorship is being processed? The sponsorship doesn’t affect your ability to work. However, your sponsored child cannot work in Canada until they either receive permanent residence or obtain a separate work permit.
What happens if my financial situation changes during the undertaking? Your undertaking remains in effect regardless of changes to your circumstances, including job loss, illness, or divorce. Plan accordingly before committing.
Conclusion
Sponsoring your child for Canadian permanent residence is a straightforward process for most families, particularly when the child has no dependents of their own. By understanding the eligibility requirements, preparing thorough documentation, and meeting your undertaking obligations, you can successfully bring your family together in Canada.
The key to success is careful preparation, attention to detail, and realistic expectations about processing times. While the wait can be lengthy, the reward of permanent family reunification makes the effort worthwhile.
For the most current information, forms, and processing times, always consult the official IRCC website or contact them directly. Immigration policies and procedures can change, so verify all details before beginning your application.
Disclaimer: This guide provides general information only and should not be considered legal advice. Immigration rules and requirements change regularly. For case-specific guidance, consult with a licensed immigration lawyer or Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC).
