Canada Immigration Processing Times: What Changed in December 2025
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) released its December 2025 processing time updates, bringing welcome news for many applicants—particularly those waiting for study permits and Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP) decisions.
While most application categories saw improvements or remained stable, some categories experienced longer wait times. Here’s everything you need to know about current processing times and what they mean for your application in 2025.
Key Highlights: Winners and Losers
Fastest Improvements:
- Study permit extensions (Canada): Decreased by 42 days to 140 days
- Study permits (Canada): Reduced from 12 weeks to 8 weeks
- Parents and Grandparents Program: Decreased by 2 months
- Super visas (United States): Dropped from 58 days to 42 days
Areas of Concern:
- Dependent child sponsorship (Canada): Increased by 4 months
- Visitor visas (India): Increased from 103 days to 117 days
- Work permits (Canada): Increased from 227 days to 218 days
Permanent Residence Applications
Express Entry: Stable but Above Target
Express Entry processing times remained unchanged from mid-November 2025, though both major streams continue to exceed IRCC’s six-month service standard.
Current Processing Times (as of December 2025):
- Canadian Experience Class (CEC): 7 months (unchanged)
- Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP): 6 months (unchanged)
- Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP): No data available
Application Volumes:
- CEC: Approximately 21,700 applications pending
- FSWP: Approximately 27,600 applications pending
While FSWP meets the service standard, CEC applicants continue facing a one-month delay beyond the target timeline.
Provincial Nominee Program (PNP): Meeting Enhanced Stream Goals
The Provincial Nominee Program shows stability across both streams, with enhanced nominations maintaining their six-month processing time.
Current Processing Times:
- Enhanced PNP (through Express Entry): 6 months (unchanged)
- Base PNP (non-Express Entry): 16 months (unchanged)
Application Queue:
- Enhanced applications: Around 10,200 pending
- Base applications: Approximately 98,500 pending
The enhanced stream meets IRCC’s six-month service standard, while base applications exceed the 11-month target by five months.
Quebec Skilled Worker Program: Near Year-Long Wait Continues
The Quebec Skilled Worker Selection Program (PSTQ) maintains an 11-month processing time—nearly double IRCC’s six-month service standard.
Current Status:
- Processing time: 11 months (unchanged)
- Applications pending: 27,200 (up from 26,400 in mid-November)
The slight increase in pending applications suggests demand continues outpacing processing capacity.
Atlantic Immigration Program: Multi-Year Backlog Persists
The Atlantic Immigration Program faces the longest processing times of any permanent residence pathway, with wait times exceeding three years.
Current Reality:
- Processing time: 37 months (unchanged)
- Applications pending: Approximately 13,400
- Service standard: 11 months
At 37 months, current processing times are more than triple the established service standard, representing one of IRCC’s most significant backlogs heading into 2026.
Family Sponsorship: Mixed Results
Spousal and Common-Law Partner Sponsorship
Processing times for spousal sponsorship remained largely stable, with minor improvements for Quebec-bound applications.
Partners Living Inside Canada:
- Outside Quebec: 20 months (unchanged)
- Quebec-bound: 36 months (improved from 37 months)
Partners Living Outside Canada:
- Outside Quebec: 14 months (unchanged)
- Quebec-bound: 36 months (improved from 37 months)
Application Volumes:
- Partners in Canada (outside Quebec): 50,600 pending
- Partners in Canada (Quebec): 12,000 pending
- Partners outside Canada (outside Quebec): 45,700 pending
- Partners outside Canada (Quebec): 19,400 pending
Applications for partners residing outside Canada and intending to live outside Quebec meet IRCC’s 12-month service standard. However, Quebec applications and in-Canada applications significantly exceed targets.
Parents and Grandparents Program: Notable Improvement
The PGP saw one of December’s most significant improvements, with processing times dropping by two months.
Current Processing Times:
- Outside Quebec: 40 months (down from 42 months)
- Quebec-bound: 49 months (down from 50 months)
Application Queue:
- Outside Quebec: 51,600 applications
- Quebec-bound: 12,600 applications
While still representing a multi-year wait, this decrease offers hope to the more than 64,000 families waiting to reunite with parents and grandparents.
Dependent Child Sponsorship: Significant Setback
Dependent child sponsorship applications experienced December’s largest processing time increase—a concerning development for families.
Within Canada:
- Current processing time: 11 months (increased by 4 months)
From Outside Canada (Selected Countries):
- India: 12 months (increased from 8 months)
- Nigeria: 20 months (unchanged)
The four-month jump for Canadian applications represents a substantial setback, potentially delaying family reunification for thousands of children.
Temporary Residence Applications
Visitor Visas: Increases for High-Volume Countries
Visitor visa processing times showed mixed results, with significant increases for applicants from India and Pakistan.
Current Processing Times by Country:
- Canada: 17 days (improved from 18 days)
- India: 117 days (increased from 103 days)
- Pakistan: 86 days (increased from 72 days)
- Nigeria: 27 days (unchanged)
- United States: 31 days (improved from 35 days)
India’s processing time increased by two weeks, while Pakistan saw a 14-day increase. Both significantly exceed IRCC’s 14-day service standard for applications submitted outside Canada.
Work Permits: Modest Improvements for Most Countries
Work permit processing times improved or remained stable for most countries, with Canada being the notable exception.
Current Processing Times:
- Canada: 218 days (improved from 227 days)
- India: 10 weeks (unchanged)
- Pakistan: 5 weeks (improved from 6 weeks)
- Nigeria: 8 weeks (improved from 9 weeks)
- United States: 7 weeks (increased from 4 weeks)
Priority Processing: IRCC continues prioritizing applications for essential occupations, including:
- Select agriculture and agri-food positions
- Healthcare occupations
Despite improvements, Canadian work permit applications remain well above the 120-day service standard at 218 days.
Study Permits: Major Wins for Canadian Applicants
Study permit processing showed December’s most impressive improvements, particularly for applications submitted within Canada.
Current Processing Times:
- Canada (initial permits): 8 weeks (improved from 12 weeks)
- Canada (extensions): 140 days (improved from 182 days—a 42-day decrease)
- India: 4 weeks (unchanged)
- Pakistan: 5 weeks (improved from 7 weeks)
- Nigeria: 5 weeks (improved from 8 weeks)
- United States: 5 weeks (increased from 4 weeks)
The 42-day improvement for study permit extensions represents significant relief for international students already in Canada, particularly important as we head into the 2026 academic year.
Super Visas: Generally Positive Trends
Super visa processing times improved for most countries, with India being the exception.
Current Processing Times:
- India: 182 days (increased from 169 days)
- Pakistan: 198 days (improved from 200 days)
- Nigeria: 46 days (improved from 50 days)
- United States: 42 days (improved from 58 days)
The US saw a significant 16-day improvement, while India’s 13-day increase pushes processing time well beyond the 112-day service standard.
Citizenship Applications: Holding Steady
Citizenship processing times remained stable throughout December 2025.
Current Processing Times:
- Citizenship grant: 13 months (unchanged)
- Citizenship certificate (proof of citizenship): 9 months (unchanged)
Application Volumes:
- Citizenship grants: Approximately 297,000 pending
- Proof of citizenship: Approximately 40,400 pending
At 13 months, citizenship grant processing times exceed IRCC’s 12-month service standard by one month.
Understanding IRCC Processing Times
How Processing Times Are Calculated
IRCC uses two methodologies to estimate processing times:
1. Historical Processing Times (Updated Weekly) Based on how long it took IRCC to process 80% of applications in the past. Used for most application types.
2. Forward-Looking Processing Times Calculated using current inventory levels and expected monthly processing capacity. Used for:
- Express Entry programs (CEC, FSWP)
- Provincial Nominee Program
- Quebec Skilled Worker Selection Program
- Spousal sponsorship
- Parents and Grandparents Program
- Citizenship applications
What Affects Your Processing Time?
Several factors can impact how long your specific application takes:
Faster Processing:
- Complete applications with all required documents
- Clear, well-documented evidence
- Quick responses to IRCC requests
- Straightforward cases with no complications
Slower Processing:
- Missing or incomplete documentation
- Complex cases requiring additional verification
- Background check delays
- High application volumes in your category
- Applications requiring additional review
Understanding Service Standards
IRCC’s service standards represent internal targets for processing 80% of applications. Key points:
- Not Guarantees: Service standards are goals, not promises
- 20% Exception: Approximately 20% of cases will exceed these timelines
- Complex Cases: Unusual circumstances typically extend processing
- Not Updated: Unlike processing times, service standards remain static
What These Changes Mean for 2026 Applicants
Study Permit Applicants: Strong Start to 2026
If you’re planning to study in Canada for fall 2026, current processing times favor quick action. The 42-day improvement for extensions is particularly significant—apply well before your permit expires to avoid status issues.
Pro Tips for 2026:
- Submit complete applications to avoid delays
- Apply for extensions at least 140 days before expiry
- Consider applying from certain countries with faster processing (Nigeria, Pakistan, US at 5 weeks)
- Start your application early in 2026 for fall semester enrollment
Family Sponsorship: Plan for Long Waits
Despite PGP improvements, family sponsorship remains a lengthy process requiring careful planning into 2026 and beyond.
For Spousal Sponsors:
- Outside Quebec applications have shorter timelines
- Partners outside Canada see faster processing
- Prepare for 14-20+ month waits depending on circumstances
For Parent/Grandparent Sponsors:
- Despite improvements, expect 40-49 month waits (into 2028-2029)
- Consider super visas as temporary solutions
- Start gathering documentation early in 2026
Express Entry: Stable but Competitive
Express Entry processing times remain predictable, allowing for better planning as we enter 2026. However, CEC applicants should expect waits slightly beyond service standards.
Strategy Considerations for 2026:
- FSWP currently meets service standards
- Enhanced PNP remains an efficient pathway
- Atlantic Immigration Program faces significant backlogs
- Monitor inventory levels throughout 2026
Work Permit Applicants: Location Matters
Your location significantly impacts work permit processing times. Canadian applications face longer waits, while most international applications process within 5-10 weeks.
Healthcare and Agriculture Workers: Priority processing may accelerate your application if you qualify under essential occupations—particularly relevant as Canada addresses labor shortages in 2026.
Looking Ahead: What to Expect in 2026
Potential Trends to Watch
As we move into 2026, several factors may influence processing times:
Technology Improvements: IRCC continues implementing digital systems that may speed processing for certain application types.
Policy Changes: Immigration levels plans for 2026 may affect processing priorities and capacity.
Backlog Reduction Efforts: IRCC’s ongoing efforts to address pandemic-era backlogs may show results in 2026, particularly for family sponsorship categories.
Seasonal Variations: Expect processing time fluctuations throughout 2026, particularly for study permits (peaks before academic terms) and visitor visas (summer travel season).
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do processing times vary by country?
Processing times reflect application volumes, local visa office capacity, and document verification complexity. High-demand countries like India often face longer processing times due to higher application volumes and additional verification requirements.
Can I expedite my application?
IRCC offers urgent processing only for specific circumstances, such as medical emergencies or job offers in essential occupations. Regular applicants cannot pay for faster processing.
What if my processing exceeds the published time?
If your application exceeds published processing times, you can submit a case-specific inquiry through IRCC’s web form. However, inquiries before the published timeline typically receive standard responses.
Do service standards matter if processing times are longer?
Service standards represent IRCC’s internal goals. While applications may exceed these standards, they indicate priority areas where IRCC aims to improve and can be referenced when contacting IRCC about delays.
How accurate are forward-looking processing times?
Forward-looking times adjust based on current inventory and expected processing capacity, making them generally more accurate for long-term planning than historical times alone, especially for 2026 applications.
Should I wait to apply or apply now?
Generally, applying sooner is better. Processing times can increase unexpectedly, and early applications secure your place in the queue. For 2026 plans, start now to avoid potential delays.
Conclusion: Strategic Planning Essential for 2026
December 2025’s processing time update reveals Canada’s immigration system making progress in some areas while struggling in others. Study permit applicants and PGP sponsors have reason for optimism heading into 2026, while dependent child sponsorship applicants face disappointing setbacks.
For prospective immigrants planning for 2026 and beyond, these numbers underscore the importance of:
- Early Planning: Start applications well before deadlines—particularly important for 2026 study permits and work permits
- Complete Documentation: Submit thorough applications to avoid delays that could push your timeline into late 2026 or 2027
- Strategic Timing: Consider current processing times when planning travel or life changes in 2026
- Realistic Expectations: Prepare for waits that may exceed service standards, especially for family sponsorship
- Regular Monitoring: Check IRCC updates monthly throughout 2026 as processing times fluctuate
As IRCC continues addressing backlogs and implementing system improvements, the outlook for 2026 shows cautious optimism. However, significant challenges remain in certain categories, making informed planning and realistic timeline expectations essential for anyone navigating Canada’s immigration system in the coming year
